European Explorers and Exploiters - 1375 Words

European Explorers and Exploiters (Essay Sample) Content: European Explorers and ExploitersHistoryInsert Name: Institution: Due Date: Introduction The historical experience of colonization was a great phenomenon, which expanded around the world and across time. Imperialism or colonialism started during 15th century in the period of Age of Discovery when Spanish and Portuguese began exploring America, East Asia, Middle East, coasts of Africa and India. In 16th and 17th centuries, the Dutch republic and England formed their oversea empires as they were competing for oversea colonies. At the end of 18th and the beginning of 19th century, was the initial period of decolonization when many European colonies in America acquired independence from their particular colonialists. Spain was greatly weakened after losing its colonies in America while England, Portugal and the Dutch republic focused their attention on coasts of Africa (especially South Africa), South East Asia and India. In 19th century, the Second Industrial Revolution took place that led the period of New Imperialism during which colonization rapidly increasingly caused the expedition of the Scramble for Africa. In 20th century, decolonization began its second phase when the Second World War came into an end. This paper examines the motives and methods that Portuguese, Spanish, English, Dutch and English used in their overseas activities. Moreover, the paper discusses why these European empires acted in such particular ways, and also analyzes how the activities aimed to achieve their needs. Discussion and review The era of exploration started in Portugal when its rulers encouraged exploration by sending explorers to first expedite Africa and then move around the world. The Portuguese explorers moved to both western and eastern hemispheres. They had religious and financial motive as the goals of conducting such explorations. The explorers identified the lucrative business of the spice trade, and, as a result, the Portuguese ventured into the tr ade and gained huge profits. By 15th century, Portuguese explorers sailed through the Atlantic islands of Cape Verde, Azores, and Madeira, and they successfully sailed to the western coasts. Their exploration proved possible with Vasco da Gama reaching India in 1498. The achievement of Portuguese exploration influenced the Spanish to finance Christopher Columbus on his mission to expedite a different route to Asia. Christopher Columbus sailed to the west where he reached a land currently known as Bahamas where in the real sense he discovered a new continent called the America. Since Christopher Columbus thought that he and his men had reached Indies, he called the local people in this area as Indians. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, in late 1400s, wanted to ensure the Spain became a powerful empire in Europe. One approach of achieving this goal was to promote explorations and acquire new lands for Spain. Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored the expeditions of Christopher Columbus, who sailed to the west as this was the easiest way to reach Indies. Ferdinand and Isabella funded many voyages in order to defeat the Portuguese so that to take control of the resources in Asia. Spain sent explorers to spread Christianity in order to reach these places. It is believed the Columbus discovered huge landmass between Asia and Europe. Columbuss voyages settled in West Indies and enabled Spain to get lucrative resources when it settled in this place. Spain settlers exploited great minerals and began sugar plantations. During 1493, the pope ruled that the entire lands of the west of the Cape Verde and Azores were under Spains possession. However, Portugal was another powerful sea that opposed the papal decree. Both Spain and Portugal reached an agreement of the Treaty of Tordesillas during 1494 that divided all discovered lands between Portugal and Spain. The Treaty of Tordesillas identified that both Spain and Portugal the only two empires in charge of expediti ng the New World. After the Treaty of Tordesillas, Spain rapidly developed itself as the leading European powerful empire in colonizing the New World. Spain succeeded in establishing big empires and aggressively searched for profitable trade routes, slaves and minerals. By 1536, Spain captured Aztecs in Mexico and in 1536 it captured the Incas in Peru. Spain proved dominant in North America where it successfully formed settlements and destroyed French expansion and settlement. In Netherlands, the Dutch East India Company was interested to settle in North America in 1609. It was a time when Henry Hudson sailed along the river which was named after him. During 1625, the Dutch purchased Manhattan Island from the locals who lived there. As a result, the Dutch settled in New Amsterdam near the Hudson River. Although, the colony owned by the Dutch prospered due to venturing in the fur trade, the Dutch did not do a lot to develop their landholdings to cover areas beyond the Hudson. In 1664, there was a conflict between England and the Dutch, and the conflict spread across the New World. Consequently, the English captured the New Amsterdam and renamed it New York while Ditchs influence became so weak after 1664. English had the motivation of the need to colonize larger parts of America as much as possible and to make British Empire more powerful. English leaders had the motive to establish colonies in America. The English wanted to accumulate a lot of raw materials and to make profits. They wanted to establish markets for surplus production of their manufacturing products. England began relatively late in colonization and exploration of America. King Henry VII of England encouraged expedition. He sent John Cabot to explore areas around the Atlantic during 1497. As a result, Cabot claimed the Grand Banks, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia for England. However, after Cabots successful determinations, the English focused on domestic matters as these issues were much- concerned to them. The English, therefore, stopped exploring. By 16th century, England had not made its presence in America (the New World). Englands interest to explore the New World aroused in the second half of the 16th century. Protestant reformation led to the increase of dissecting sects (such as puritans) who wanted to worship based on their ideas rather than complying with religious uniformity expected by the Anglican Church. The king persecuted the dissenting religious sects who refused to conform to the religious uniformity. The religious sect individuals escaped and sort refuge to America (New World) which provided them a peaceful place to practice their religious matters. English monarchy was attracted by wealth that Spain was amassing from West Indies, South America and Mexico. Captain Francis Drake and other Spain explorers amassed great wealth from Central America in late 1590s, and consequently, England gained interest to colonize the New World. The emerging Englan d Protestants and British sea power was a threat to the catholic Spain. The two European powers rapidly became great enemies and each planning to capture strategic areas across the New World. Englands initial plan to settle in the New World was futile. Sir Walter Raleigh acquired a royal charter to establish a settlement in Roanoke, situated on the island near the coast of North Carolina. However, the Native Americans raided Sir Walter Raleigh and his men who also were affected by diseases. Consequently, the settlement plan was finally abandoned. Moreover, Spaniards were still determined to defeat the English. In 1588, the Spanish Armada was sent to eliminate the British in the coast of England. Nevertheless, it was through luck and creativity that the English troops managed to defeat the Armada. England gained victory and started its exploration as a dominant naval power to boost its colonial efforts. On the other hand, the power of Spain gradually declined and fell. The strife between Spain and Britain persisted throughout the 16th century. This struggle had detrimental impacts. The English parliament by 1600 was unwilling to spend government finance on colonization. Government funding was not spent on colonization. Instead, joint stock companies were established to collect money for colonization through venturing on sales of public stock. In the entire 17th century, the responsibility of most English colonization was under the joint stock companies. Conclusion The native populations suffered much as a result of the negative impact of colonization. Hunger, slavery and war caused many sufferings while diseases, particularly smallpox, had most dangerous impact. In Mexico, by 1600, native populations reached 2milion, which was a decline from 25 million during 1519. European settlements brought much destruction which led to the displacement of the native tribes. Native American faced fateful events during the era of colonization throughout Am...

Essay on Implications of Classroom Management - 1320 Words

Running head: Implications for Classroom Management Legal and Ethical Implications for Classroom Management Phedelia Singleton Grand Canyon University EDU-536 Classroom Engagement and Management December 21, 2011 Ethics is a word for human behavior which includes classroom behavior. Ethical behavior is a realm of classroom ethics. In every complex society proper ethical is difficult, but it starts when a child is young. The implications below are a few of many ethical principles in the classroom which are significant among our students today. Teaching Ethics: The Role of the Classroom Teacher For many years, ethical development (children’s character or moral development) has been a controversial topic. It†¦show more content†¦The silence would be detrimental because a student who is not responding would become bored, experience apathy towards the teaching process and deprived themselves the benefit of strategic learning and engaging. The student would be self – absorbed, have a need for compassion and encourage participating. The possible reason students participate in silence the classroom is because they are experiencing low self – esteem. Developing an Ethic of Care in the Classroom Teacher step into the classroom of making a difference in students’ lives by demonstrating. The care maybe demonstrated by a number of ways depending on the teaching style. Caldwell (1999) noted, â€Å"Teachers show students that care were reflected in four distinctive themes. Student-Oriented, Work Oriented, Engaging Students and Active. These themes can be useful insights into students gaining care from their teacher. The Student- Oriented Teacher treats students with respect through individual uniqueness. A person name gives the student a sense of identity. Often teacher will get names confused by calling students a family member name. Modeling to students is another way of showing respect. As well as sharing compliments through repetition. Respect is not naturally given by students in the classroom setting. A student oriented teacher shows their students that they believe in them.Show MoreRelatedLegal and Ethical Implica tions in Classroom Management1491 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s classroom is a lot different from what we have seen before. Teachers were in the classroom because they wanted to be and not because they had to in order to make a living. Today’s teacher is frustrated thus classroom management becomes an issue that needs mention under many forms. Behavioral issues ensue and parents lose trust in the educational system. Parents are also at the helm of this problem and our classrooms are faced with ever changing methods of discipline and classroom managementRead MoreEssay on Legal and Ethical Implications for Classroom Management1532 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Legal and Ethical Implications for Classroom Management Grand Canyon University: EDU 536 April 24, 2013 Today’s classrooms are more dynamic than ever before. Educational needs of students are changing at breakneck speeds, along with the demands being placed on their teachers. There are associated legal and ethical implications that are evolving as rapidly as the technology that is driving a lot of the change. In order to have a chance to meet the needsRead MoreLegal and Ethical Implications for Classroom Management Essay2481 Words   |  10 PagesLegal and Ethical Implications for Classroom Management July 07, 2010 Classroom Management Classroom management is the key to a successful school year for both the teacher and the students. 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Each task varies from teacher to teacher, but overall to have complet e success with classroom management one must practice, practiceRead MoreResearch Study On Behavior Management871 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavior management in the classroom. More specifically, the article focuses on the findings and implications of a rarely discussed behavior known as â€Å"teacher retreating.† Teacher retreating is defined as the â€Å"behavior that occurs in the classroom when a teacher backs down after one or more students undermine the teacher’s authority by failing to comply† (Ratcliff, Carroll, Hunt, 2014, p. 170). 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When enacted in a culturally responsive way, classroom management extends to consider how a student’s culture influences their motivations and behaviors. Calloway indicates, â€Å"a positive relationship was found to exist between classroom management and cultural te aching† (Calloway, n.d, p. 5). Responsive teaching

Gender-Based Violence Essay - 2047 Words

Gender Base Violence ENG 122 Alfred Penny Jr. Saint Leo College Gender-based Violence Gender-based violence is understood, explained, or justified in terms of gender roles, gender difference, or gender inequality. Most of the violence is perpetrated by men against women. Gender-based violence is often physical abuse, often involving sexuality, but it may also be psychological. Violence against women occurs in every segment of society. It doesn’t matter what class your in (upper, middle, lower), ethnicity (Black, White, Hispanic, Asian), culture (African-American, German, French), or country (Europe, United States). Various forms of violence and coercion are against women. Most of these crimes against women are†¦show more content†¦Although most of the public attention to sexual harassment has focused on specific relations within workplaces, harassment also takes place in public places among strangers. This shows how commonly women are subjected to â€Å"abuse, harryings, and annoyances† on the basis of their gender, in spaces that are sup posed to be open to everyone states Carol Brooks Gardner who studied public harassment. There are three types of public harassment outlined by Carol Brooks Gardner. The types are exclusionary (discouraged from entering a specific place), exploitative (when men following women around and invade their privacy), and evaluative (unwanted evaluations of their bodies, hair, or clothing). Often this behavior is trivialized as â€Å"people are just playing around† or â€Å"just trying to be helpful†. These types of experiences results in women being fearful of going into public places. Even though sexual harassment laws have become stricter, most women still do not complain about it for rear that they would be penalized for complaining. Harassment amounts simply to taking the gender-based communication, which is easy for men to fall into the habit of engaging in behavior that women find offensive and harmful (Sapiro, 397). Sexual harassment has taken on more specific l egalShow MoreRelatedGender Based Violence4083 Words   |  17 PagesOF WOMEN, YOU RECEIVE A REPORT THAT THE LEVEL OF GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN CHIEF MUNYUMWBE’S AREA HAS GONE UP. DESCRIBE THE SEQUENTIAL PLATFORM OF ACTIONS THAT YOU CAN MAKE TO ADRESS THIS ISSUE. Gender inequality is both a cause and effect of gender based violence, yet gender based violence is in part responsible for its continuation. This is because a person who has been abused is likely to feel subordinate to the abuser hence increasing the gender gap (inequality). Therefore, this essay is an attemptRead MoreGender Based Violence1089 Words   |  4 Pages Losing Face There has been violence toward women throughout the world since the existence of human beings. 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Business Operation Guan Hin Coffee Singapore

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Operation for Guan Hin Coffee Singapore. Answer: Introduction: In this assignment, the business operation for the company Guan Hin Coffee Singapore has been discussed. In the first section, a description of the tangible assets of the firms has been provided. An explanation has been given so that value chain of the company can be harmonized with the business operation. In the next section, the fundamental business operation of the company has been analyzed. It includes description of the inbound logistics, operations and outbound logistics along with the service provided to the customers. Strategic Tangible Assets of Guan Hin Coffee Singapore Ashby et al. (2012) mentioned that tangible asset of an organization is the asset that has a physical form. These types of assets can actually be touched and see. An organization can control physical asset such as purchase contract. These types of assets are opposite of intangible assets like copyright or patent. It has been found that tangible asset of an organization can be categorized in two sections. They are fixed assets and current assets (Barney, 2012). The current assets of an organization are also known as flexible assets. A company can easily liquidate these assets. For example funds in the business bank account of Guan Hin Coffee Singapore are its flexible or current assets. On the other hand inventory of the coffee shop is also another current asset for the company. Tayur et al. (2012) mentioned that current asset of a company never depreciate. On the other hand fixed assets are just opposite of the current assets (Green et al., 2012). The building of the coffee, all the machineries, land and the furniture are the fixed tangible assets for the organization. Accounting It has been found that the finance and accounting team of the company teats the tangible assets very specifically. They make list of the tangible assets which is totally different from the company documents and the balance sheet. The list of tangible asset is put under the heading of plant, property and equipment or plant and equipment. It has been found that the accounting and finance team allocate the expanse for fixed assets that have contribution in the business operation. Traits In case of traits, asset which can be controlled by the business operation is known as tangible traits. Tangible assets of the organization can help it to enhance the services. It also has contribution in the cash flow of the business operation for the company. It has been found that tangible business assets are physical items like coffee machines, chairs, tables, furniture. Hence, they have potential for loss, damage and theft. The company Guan Hin Coffee can show these tangible assets with good documentation. These assets can be used to get loan. They also help the organization to gather financing that is required to continue business operation. However, there are some guide lines that prevent some tangible asset to become collateral such as land. Fundamental Operations Management of Guan Hin Coffee Singapore Inbound Logistics It has been found that the Guan Hin Coffee Singapore had started to restructure its inbound logistics since 2010. It includes modification of supply chain management and the development of a single logistics system. The company brings coffee beans from Asia, Latin America and Africa to Singapore via sea. The distribution center of the company ranges from 10, 00 to 20,00 square feet. From central distribution center, delivery has been made to the coffee store. Presently the company is exploring the opportunity to grow its own coffee. For this reason, the coffee shop is looking to have its own coffee firm. Barney (2012) stated that, this shift of product sourcing can increase possibility of new product development for the Guan Hin Coffee Singapore. It will help the coffee factory to develop to develop new type of coffee. Business Operation The company has coffee factory in Singapore. It has also 20 coffee shops in Singapore. The company adds value in its operation by free Wi-Fi connection to its stores. The company adds value by developing Guan Hin Coffee experience where customers can spend quality times with their loved one. Outbound Logistics It has been found that the consumers can purchase coffee products directly from the factory of Guan Hin or from company operated and licensed stores. For a certain range of products like tea, coffee, drinkware or any drink related equipment, the company utilizes online sales channels. Some of the products of the company are also available is some supermarkets such as Sainsbury, Tesco and Wal-Mart. Sales and Marketing Activities It has been found that, Guan Hin Coffee shop is not interested much in market investment. The company mainly depends upon cost-effective approach of marketing such as word of mouth. The company mainly focuses on develop high quality products and providing high quality services to the customers. However, due to intense level of competition with international companies such as Starbucks has forced the management of Guan Hin to increase investment on marketing. The management has increased investment on sales promotion, event, media advertising, public relations and direct marketing. Service It has been found that superior customer service is the core business strategy for the company. It helps the company to get competitive advantage in the market of Singapore. The management of the company always tries to spend a lot of time to analyze how the customer experience can be improved for the organization. Conclusion It has been found that the company Guan Hin Coffee Singapore has mainly two types of tangible assets. They are like current or flexible assets and fixed assets. Funds in the business bank account and inventory of the coffee shop are the current assets for the company. On the other hand fixed assets of the organization are such as the building of the coffee factory, all the machineries, land and the furniture. It has been found that the company brings coffee beans from Asia, Latin America and Africa to Singapore via sea. For a certain range of products like tea, coffee, drinkware or any drink related equipment, the company utilizes online sales channels. The company mainly depends on word-of-mouth marketing. High quality products and services are the core business strategy for the organization. Reference list Ashby, A., Leat, M., Hudson-Smith, M. (2012). Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), 497-516. Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 3-6. Green Jr, K. W., Zelbst, P. J., Meacham, J., Bhadauria, V. S. (2012). Green supply chain management practices: impact on performance.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(3), 290-305. Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R., Magazine, M. (Eds.). (2012).Quantitative models for supply chain management(Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media.